go-simple-api/cmd/api/main.go

// Command api is the entrypoint of the application. Its job is narrow and
// deliberate: load configuration, construct every shared dependency
// exactly once (logger, database, session manager), build the router, and
// run an HTTP server with a graceful shutdown sequence. It contains no
// business logic itself - that all lives in the packages it wires
// together.
package main

import (
	"context"
	"net/http"
	"os"
	"os/signal"
	"syscall"
	"time"

	"git.hamidsoltani.com/hamid/go-simple-api/internal/config"
	"git.hamidsoltani.com/hamid/go-simple-api/internal/database"
	"git.hamidsoltani.com/hamid/go-simple-api/internal/logging"
	"git.hamidsoltani.com/hamid/go-simple-api/internal/router"
	"git.hamidsoltani.com/hamid/go-simple-api/internal/session"
)

func main() {
	// 1. Configuration - read once, pass down everywhere as a value.
	cfg := config.Load()

	// 2. Logger - built before anything else so even early startup
	// failures (DB connection, etc.) get logged as structured JSON,
	// consistent with every other log line the app produces.
	logger := logging.New()

	ctx := context.Background()

	// 3. Database - connect and verify with a real ping before doing
	// anything else. If this fails, there's no point starting an HTTP
	// server that can't actually serve any authenticated route.
	db, err := database.NewMySQL(ctx, cfg)
	if err != nil {
		logger.Error("failed to connect to database", "error", err)
		os.Exit(1)
	}
	// Closes the connection pool once main() returns - i.e. after the
	// graceful shutdown sequence below completes.
	defer db.Close()
	logger.Info("connected to database", "host", cfg.DBHost, "db", cfg.DBName)

	// 4. Migrate - ensure required tables exist. See
	// internal/database/migrate.go for why this simple approach is a
	// deliberate shortcut for a learning project.
	if err := database.Migrate(ctx, db); err != nil {
		logger.Error("failed to migrate database", "error", err)
		os.Exit(1)
	}
	logger.Info("database migrated")

	// 5. Sessions - builds the scs.SessionManager backed by Redis.
	sessions := session.New(cfg)
	logger.Info("session manager configured", "redis_addr", cfg.RedisAddr)

	// 6. Router - assembles every handler/middleware, using the shared
	// dependencies constructed above.
	r := router.New(logger, db, sessions, cfg)

	// We build http.Server explicitly (instead of calling
	// http.ListenAndServe directly) specifically so we can call
	// srv.Shutdown(ctx) on it later, for a graceful shutdown.
	srv := &http.Server{
		Addr:    ":" + cfg.Port,
		Handler: r,
	}

	// ListenAndServe blocks forever (until the server stops or errors), so
	// it must run in its own goroutine - otherwise the code below that
	// listens for OS shutdown signals would never get a chance to run.
	go func() {
		logger.Info("server starting", "port", cfg.Port)
		if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
			logger.Error("server error", "error", err)
			os.Exit(1)
		}
	}()

	// Block the main goroutine until we receive an interrupt (Ctrl+C) or
	// termination (e.g. `docker stop`) signal from the OS.
	quit := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
	signal.Notify(quit, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
	<-quit

	logger.Info("shutting down gracefully")

	// Give any in-flight requests up to 5 seconds to finish before we
	// force-close them.
	shutdownCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
	defer cancel()

	if err := srv.Shutdown(shutdownCtx); err != nil {
		logger.Error("forced shutdown", "error", err)
		os.Exit(1)
	}
	logger.Info("server stopped")
}